Wednesday, August 19, 2020
How To Write The College Admissions Essay
How To Write The College Admissions Essay For example, if youâre fifth in your class of 130, your transcript should report your rank as 5/130. Applicants should submit transcripts indicating rank for the latest completed semester prior to the application deadline. Work with your high school to send us your official transcript documenting all coursework undertaken during your high school career and your class rank. All applicants must submitthree required short answersand may submitone optional short answerresponding to prompts in your admissions application. Answers are limited to no more than 40 lines, or about 250â"300 words, typically the length of one paragraph. Choose something you care about and it will flow more naturally. I know this sounds absurdly simple, but it really does make a difference to be as relaxed as possible when you sit down to write. Many students either modify their original academic direction or change their minds entirely. As of this moment, what academic areas seem to fit your interests or goals most comfortably? Please indicate up to three from the list provided. When you apply to Stanford, you apply to the university as a whole, not to a particular major, department or school. Direct channel of online communication allows you to reach him at any day-night hour. Be aware of task status, guide your writer, stay in touch with him, if necessary. Want to see what a successful admission essay looks like, proceed with an application, make sure to follow all steps below. Writing an admissions essay is a chance to break off the standard five-paragraph essay as this gives you a little room to wiggle around. However, just like a five-paragraph essay, you need to wrap it up using a neat conclusion. Students may request a fee waiver by indicating their eligibility on the online application. A separate request form is not required, however, students may be required to submit documentation in support of a request. If you have any questions about completing your application for admission, please contact the Office of Admissions at to speak with an admissions counselor. Choose the prompt that comes closest to something youâd like to write about. The purpose of the prompt is to help you reflect on something that matters to you. Your application will be full of information that illuminates dimensions of you and your abilities, but only the essay gives you a vehicle to speak, in your own voice, about something personally significant. Order further changes, if required; we will be glad to help you create a winning admission essay. After your paper arrive at our system, weâll connect you with one of our admissions experts. Hear from Yale admissions officers about putting your best foot forward in the application. Yale students, faculty, and alumni engage issues of local, national, and international significance. Discuss an issue that is important to you and how your college experience could help you address it. Students at Yale have plenty of time to explore their academic interests before committing to one or more major fields of study. We encourage you to indicate prospective majors and career interests in the application, but please know you are not bound by these selections in any way. Both applications include essay prompts for your personal essay. In addition to the personal essay, we also require the Stanford Questions, which you can access in either application once you add Stanford University to your list of colleges. Having written dozens of remarkable essay, we are ready to do the same for you. All you need to do is to place an order within our system. You must submit the Stanford Questions online through the Coalition or Common Application. we understand how important it is no one knows that you ordered your admission essay online. Rest assured â" your personal information will be kept secret.
Monday, August 17, 2020
Dos And Donts Of Writing A College Admission Essay
Do's And Don'ts Of Writing A College Admission Essay Remember that the sample essays colleges are posting are the BEST essays from among the thousands of students they admit. So, most accepted studentsâ essays are not this exceptional. Writing an essay is something students learn to do in school from a fairly young age, but it is a skill that must be perfected over a number of years. The college application essay is the true test of those skills and of your ability to present an accurate picture of who you are. A strong personal statement or college application essay is the key to getting into your school of choice. A good personal statement is well organized, but also interesting, making the reader want to learn more about you. The following is a sample essay written for one of Harvard College's essay prompts. The first time I asked my mom to read it, I freaked out because she said she didnât know if she liked it. This connection of past experience to current maturity and self-knowledge is a key element in all successful personal essays. Let your creativity flow.Colleges receive thousands of applications, which means they read thousands of similar essays. Donât be afraid to really write about a topic thatâs outside the box! Even if itâs about something as small as the first time you had a butterfly land on your nose or that one time you had to figure out how to change a tire in the rain. As long as the topic is true to you, it can be a great college essay topic. College admission readers will be reading thousands of college applications so it's best to make your conclusion strong but brief. You have already provided your thesis and the supporting information about your thesis why you would be a great addition to the student body population. When she started college, I took on the role of helping her edit her essays. In my essay, I wrote about asking for help and how she inspires me to ask for help, because she had the courage to ask her young daughter for help. Moreover, they also give the reader a picture of a studentâs opinions and core values, something which numbers on a piece of paper cannot convey. Be cautious when using essay writing services to have your admission essay written; many are illegitimate and do not grasp the severity of a flawed college application. Our competitors may succeed in promising students cheap prices, but the quality of work many of their writers produce is pitiful. Donât get taken advantage of by these fraudulent institutions. Instead, let Ultius write your next admissions essay and save the headache of worrying about whether or not you will even receive your work on time. Colleges are very much looking for mature, self-aware applicants. These are the qualities of successful college students, who will be able to navigate the independence college classes require and the responsibility and quasi-adulthood of college life. After outlining your topic and making it as personal as possible, next comes the actual writing. While we assume that if youâre reading this, youâve written hundreds of papers and essays before, writing an admissions essay can pose different challenges. Ultimately, they provide a great encompassing sample of a student and his or her general interests and academic writing ability. Following this sample essay, you can read our tips on how to structure your essays, so you can understand why this is a particularly strong example of a college essay or personal statement. For most students, it takes about 10 hours to write a good college essay. If youâre applying to schools that request supplemental essays or do not accept the Common Application, you may have several different essays to write. Sample essays can provide you with some great inspiration, and valuable insights into how to write a great essay. However, be careful not to get so caught up reading other peoplesâ essays that you neglect to start your own. Itâs also easy to fall into the comparison trap and begin worrying that your essays will never be as good as these examples. And of course, it goes without saying that you should NEVER copy or imitate someone elseâs essay. If you try to make your essay sound like someone elseâs, it will end up sounding fake and awkward, and will NOT work to your advantage.
How To Write A College Application Essay
How To Write A College Application Essay For example, do you have any sentences that start with, âIt isâ or âIt seems thatâ? These are extraneous words that can be taken out without altering the sentenceâs meaning. If your essay is significantly longer than the suggested word count, read through it and highlight everything that is most importantâ"this includes important points of introspection and supporting evidence. If you choose to use this approach, remember that it might become necessary to remove information that you had initially deemed important. I have completed HSC from GURU BASAVA junior college with aggregate of 6% and SSC from Pratibha we. Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. This master template can be used for short argumentative essays, long argumentative essays, complicated argumentative essays, and straightforward ones. It has additional sections to add more information, such as an extended background or an approach/methods section. Narrative essays are often the closest thing to pieces of journalism. If you master the narrative essay, then you are likely well on your way to being a successful journalist. i referred this all things about how to attend interview for job purpose this is very useful to all the post graduate as well as under graduate students and also me. I am currently studying Finance and Economics at Hong Kong University. I was raised in Bengalu and when I was 18 I moved to Hong Kong to take my university study. As with introductions, the length of the conclusion should reflect the length of the essay. A good last sentence leaves your reader with something to think about, a concept in some way illuminated by what youâve written in the paper. After writing your conclusion, you might think that you have completed your essay. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. Check your assignment carefully for any directions about what to include in your introduction or conclusion. If your essay deals with a contemporary problem, warn readers of the possible consequences of not attending to the problem. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion. In some cases, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion may be appropriate. It is also important to be aware of the complexity of your topic. Pick topics for which you have enough room to elaborate. Do not cite three or four pieces of supporting evidence in an elaborate thesis if you are only allowed 500 words. If you only have a few paragraphs to write your essay, you will likely only have room for one main point of supporting evidence. Keep your thesis short and limit your supporting points, since you always need to set aside plenty of room in your essay for introspection. About my achievements, I never made any achievements at state level. But in my schooling I got certificate in singing level competition. In college I got NSS certificate which I participated as volunteer in my 1st year of engineering. Hi Friends, my name is shivaji rao patil from Hyderabad. I parsuing my B-Tech in stream of computer science and engineering from nict college, xxx with aggregate 65%. Last year I went to London to join the school's exchange program. During my exchange I went backpacking with other backpackers from all over the world to other countries across Europe. I think I have been fortunate enough to be able to live in different parts of the world and thus be able to broaden my horizon. Here are some tips on how you might cut down your essay. It is not your stories that get you into college, but how they have affected your character and your thinking. You should strive to portray yourself in the best possible light and keep your essay focused on answering the prompt.
Friday, August 14, 2020
Essay Tips
Essay Tips You receive a high-quality essay that is 100% plagiarism free and written from scratch. We are able to cope with even toughest deadlines, so you will not be late with the essay. We cannot miss college admissions - it is part of services we offer. You can easily order a college admission from us and choose a writer who will write an essay for you. Medical experts from our team know medical terms and nuances to follow for admission writing. If you order medical school admission essay, it is a medical expert who will write an admission essay. Donât be afraid to talk to professors or professionals in the field. Many of them would be flattered that you asked their advice, and they will have useful suggestions that others might not have. Also keep in mind that many colleges and professional programs offer websites addressing the personal statement. A competently compiled admission essay will help the applicant to focus on successful aspects of his academic life and give good account of himself. In this writing, admission committee should see integrity and deep personality with wonderful qualities and experiences that aspire to the development and new knowledge. When ordering an essay from our personal statement writing service, you benefit within many ways. You can find them either through the website of the school to which you are applying or by searching under âpersonal statementâ or âapplication essaysâ using a search engine. Many guides to writing application essays encourage you to take a risk, either by saying something off-beat or daring or by using a unique writing style. When done well, this strategy can workâ"your goal is to stand out from the rest of the applicants and taking a risk with your essay will help you do that. So if youâve been biting your nails or tearing your hair out even a little, youâre not alone. When you apply to Penn, you must submit your application for admission to one of our four undergraduate schools. In the Penn-specific essays, be precise when explaining both why you are applying to Penn and why you have chosen to apply to that specific undergraduate school. Some of our specialized programs will have additional essays to complete, but the Penn essay should address the single-degree or single-school choice. We understand that you may be writing essays for different schools and you may want to reuse material, but read through your essay to make sure the content is relevant to the essay prompt. Better to impress admission with your personal qualities. The flexible and individualized learning aspects of Empire State College's programs require students to use and improve their reading and writing skills continually as they study at the college. In order to be successful from the beginning, students need to start with sufficient reading and writing skills. Over the years, students who tell me they absolutely love to write have said they struggle with the application essay. Donât bore the reader; that is key to your success. The topic of your essay does not really matter, as long as you avoid the over-used topics- i.e. scoring the winning goal, my summer of community service. Other topics that might be considered âinappropriateâ touch on Sex, Religion and Politics. You do not want to inadvertently offend your reader, so you need to also curb your use of âtabooâ language. Your essay should be one that only you could write- it needs to reflect who you are. You will be required to complete the short answer responses in order to complete and submit your admissions application. We are thrilled you are considering The University of Texas at Austin as your college home. One is to show his energy, activity, enthusiasm within his favorite business. High school students who apply to The University of Texas at Austin for fall 2021 undergraduate admission will not be required to submit an ACT or SAT test score as part of their application. You should plan to submit your essays in conjunction with yourApplyTexasor Coalition for Collegeapplication. Because the application essay can have a critical effect upon your progress toward a career, you should spend significantly more time, thought, and effort on it than its typically brief length would suggest. It should reflect how you arrived at your professional goals, why the program is ideal for you, and what you bring to the program. Donât make this a deadline taskâ"nowâs the time to write, read, rewrite, give to a reader, revise again, and on until the essay is clear, concise, and compelling. You know most of the things you need to say already. Essay you write should be sincere, personal, not formal or superficial. Universities are interested in promising and motivated students, who will study well, take an active part at academic and student life, find work after graduation, realize their career potential.
Thursday, August 13, 2020
How To Write Great Supplemental College Application Essays
How To Write Great Supplemental College Application Essays Then on the second day, you can look at the essay with fresh eyes to do your final edits. Cell phone restrictions in classrooms should also include specific disciplinary actions for breaking the rules. If a student is caught using the phone in class, he or she should be excused for the rest of the day. Professors should refrain from physically taking possession of a studentâs phone because of liability conflicts. If the phone is damaged while in the professorâs possession, the school or the instructor could be held responsible for the repairs. If the student is on call for work, he or she will need access to a phone. The list of exception-worthy scenarios is endless. The primary argument supporting cell phone control in the classroom is the fact that phones can be distracting. Not only do cell phones distract instructors, but they may also distract students trying to pay attention to the lecture. This is the same effect as a moviegoer looking at his phone in a theater. Even if the phone makes no noise, the light from the screen is enough to catch someoneâs attention. phone restrictions in classrooms should also include specific disciplinary actions for breaking the rules. best solution is to create cell phone usage rules that allow devices to be accessible without disturbing other studentsâ educational opportunities. As you will see below, we remark on why some students may not want cell phone usage policies. We will also suggest how to get around those concerns. Doing this provides the best possible support for your thesis because it shows you have taken every angle into consideration. Learn to write the perfect 500 word essay with this step-by-step guide. Includes sample introduction, body, and conclusion paragraphs. guments against cell phone control typically focus on safety concerns. No matter which side of the argument you choose, you should acknowledge the other angle and negate those statements. If a student needs to answer the phone during an emergency, he or she can step out of the classroom to do so. This setup would give the students and the instructor peace of mind. Arguments against cell phone control typically focus on safety concerns. Should a crisis occurs in the classroom, students should have their phones on hand to make a call. If a student has a child, he or she may need a phone in case of a medical emergency. If you only have a few paragraphs to write your essay, you will likely only have room for one main point of supporting evidence. Keep your thesis short and limit your supporting points, since you always need to set aside plenty of room in your essay for introspection. Use our free and easy online tool for counting characters, words, sentences, paragraphs and pages in real time, along with keyword density and reading level. Always think about your audience when writing a scholarship essay. What organization is issuing the scholarship, and how can you tie that into your writing? What is the underlying information they want to learn from your essay? Write in a way that shows you are the best candidate for the scholarship. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you can extend or shorten the essay during the editing process. Give yourself at least two full days to write the essay. You can use the first day to write a draft and do some minor editing. It is safer to ask the student to leave the classroom than it is to take the phone away completely. The best solution is to create cell phone usage rules that allow devices to be accessible without disturbing other studentsâ educational opportunities. Students should be permitted to keep their phones in their bags, pockets, or other belongings as long as the phones are on silent in class. Vibrate settings may be permitted if the instructor does not believe it will distract him or her, since the noise of the vibration may not be noticeable in a large classroom. It is my experience that everything that you send to a school is read. Whatâs most curious about the college essay is that many of the topics on this list also happen to be some of the most commonly used topics out there.
Tuesday, August 11, 2020
Essay Service
Essay Service Do you notice how each of these opening lines raises more questions than it answers? They give you enough information to get a sense of what the essay will be about, but not enough to really understand what is going on. This is a great strategy because it grabs your readerâs attention and compels them to continue in order to find out what is going on and fill in the gaps in their understanding. These are the parts that make your essay come alive. The SAT essay and ACT writing component are not required. We recommend students send all their SAT/ACT results to Rutgers. Upon enrollment, please submit official academic records directly from an educational authority such as the SSC, HSSC, WAEC, GSEC , GXE, GCE, or Bagrut in addition to other results and certificates. The first paragraph is mostly summary â" it tells the reader facts about who you are, things youâve done, tendencies you have, etc. (e.g. I never saw myself as a cat person). Summaries can be useful for bridging the gap between in-scene moments, or reflecting back on an experience and what it meant to you. However, an essay consisting entirely of summary is going to be dry and boring to read. Applerouth is open, and our tutors are eager to help you.Click here for more about how we have adapted to meet our students' current needs. Donât send exactly the same essay to several schools if the questions asked are different. College is a major investment for you and your family. We offer an array of financial aid programsâ"including scholarships, grants, loans and student employmentâ"as part of our commitment to making an excellent education affordable. The essay is just one of the 26 factors we use as part of our holistic application review. For more âhow toâ tips about the process of essay writing, see âWriting the College Essayâ. Discrepancies between a student's SRAR and official transcript can result in a student's admission to Rutgers being rescinded. The Self-Reported Academic Record allows students to self-report their courses, grades, grade-point averages, and other academic information. If paying the application fee would pose a financial hardship and you are currently in high school, see your high school counselor for an official waiver and fax or mail the waiver to us. (Fee information for the School of Health Professions is here.) Rutgers must receive the fee or a fee waiver before your application will be considered complete and ready for review. In keeping up with our mission statement, we have in place a money-back policy that promotes fairness and transparency. For instance, if you decide to cancel an order prior to its completion, you can always count on getting your money back. Please, read the refund policy on our website to find more information on all refund-related questions. Take into account several things required by the educational system. We learn early on that Ababiy is the son of working-class immigrants and that heâs a dreamer capable of locating portals to new worlds in the most mundane objects. You should write about the scenes and contexts that will give the clearest and deepest picture of who you are and what you will bring to the universities and colleges to which youâre applying. Cookie Policy We use cookies to improve your browsing experience on our website. By staying at WiseEssays.com, you agree to our Cookie Policy. You can change your setting at any time - read more in our Cookie Policy section. This is the one chance you have to be creative in the application process; let your true self come through. multiple social media channels, places for prospective students, current students and alumni to interact. on college, the admission process, financial aid, scholarships and making the best college decision. This is a meaningful setting in that it allows the writer to create a bridge from his humble beginnings to an ambitious, unwritten future, the future that he hopes to write at his university of choice. For instance, educational institutions have different requirements prospective students should be compliant with. That will help you avoid different unpleasant situations in the future. The essay is an important part of the admission process. Grammar, spelling and punctuation should be checked before submission. Below, you may submit the required admission essay. Admissions Committees are not looking for a cookie-cutter student; rather they are looking for a student who genuinely loves something and will share that love with other students. There are no magic phrases or key words to include in your essay. You do not, for example, have to say you've wanted to attend Marquette since kindergarten. We use the essay to get to know a little more about you. The only thing you need to do here is to provide us with all relevant information and highlight the things you want to be mentioned in your essay. We guarantee that all of our essays are 100% plagiarism-free since they are custom-made for each customer, depending on their individual requests. Alternatively, you can use any online plagiarism checker to make sure your essay is unique. Working for EssayService has given me the opportunity to focus on perfecting my writing instead of wasting time on meaningless jobs. They will address all of your questions regarding pricing, deadlines, textbooks, marks, subjects, papers, grades, writers, and other concerns you might have about the writing process.
Monday, August 10, 2020
Literature Essay Topics For College Students
Literature Essay Topics For College Students These are the stories behind the list of activities and leadership roles on your application. The ultimate point of a college essay is to engage and hopefully convince the reader that you would be an asset on that campus. You need the essay to wow them with your personal qualities while sharing an engaging story, perhaps- a snapshot of your life. The tone could be funny or sad, reflective or poignant, but you NEED that reader to like you, so that they would support your application in admissions. If your essay does not reveal some sense of your best personal qualities are i.e. maturity, leadership or compassion then it has failed. The best essays are the ones that provide real insight into who you are and how you think. Your essay should definitely provide perspective on you that augments what is found in the rest of your applicationâ¦.perhaps highlighting an area of passion for you that may not otherwise be obvious. The essays that read best are the ones written authentically, and from the heart. In other instances, each essay is distributed to several readers, who will then compare their impressions when the admissions committee meets to decide upon student admissions. In this instance, the essay would be read by several people. Again, the number of readers for each essay would depend upon individual institutional practices. Many large schools donât require essays at all because they donât have the personnel resources to process the huge number of admission essays which would be submitted. Schools which require essays, however, use the essay input to form a more complete picture of the applicant, over and above the numbers, grades, lists, and so on, which are entered onto the application form. Essays give admission officers real insight into the applicant. You might wonder how a huge school would manage reading thousands of essays, but you can trust that they hire extra staff, if necessary, to make sure the entire application gets a close look. Find something else that reveals something new and that shows you put a lot of thought into your essay. If your study of AP biology conflicts with your religious views, write about that and how you reconciled the two. Take a minute and think about the college or university admission officers who will be reading your essay. How will your essay convey your background and what makes you unique? If you had the opportunity to stand in front of an admission committee to share a significant story or important information about yourself, what would you say? The number of readers depends on how âborderlineâ the applicant is, and the number of applicants being processed. So do your best on that part of the application. Even colleges who say their essay is âoptional,â you shoulod definitely write one. It can make all the difference in your admission decision. That said, if they donât think they have enough to go on after 2 essays, youâve got a bigger problem. It is my understanding that if essays are required by an institution, they are actually read. There are many different kinds of schools, however, so it would be impossible to know how each of them handles the essays which are submitted. I do know that some schools have a group of readers, each receiving one set of essays, with each individual essay being read by just one person. So yes, they are read by all the admissions officers, particularly the ones who oversee your county and region. If you send more than the one supplemental essay suggested, thereâs no guarantee theyâll read themâ"unless they donât think they have enough to go on. The essays may form the most deciding part of the application after the student has met basic application criteria â" grades, standardized test scores, etc. Again, the number of readers for each essay would depend on individual institutional practices. Remember that one of the goals of the admissions board when reading college admissions essays is to find students who will enhance the educational experience of other students. In other words, how can you contribute to other studentsâ learning? As with tip #3, you already have an edge by being an international student. The college application essay is your chance to share your personality, goals, influences, challenges, triumphs, life experiences, or lessons learned. Not to mention why you're a good fit for the college or universityâ"and why it's a good fit for you.
Sample College Admission Essay On Politics W
Sample College Admission Essay On Politics W YouTube Tutorials Master each step of the admissions essay writing process and learn what it takes to craft a memorable submission one video at at time. The Office of Admission offers merit-based scholarships to incoming first year students who distinguish themselves academically and personally within our highly competitive group of admitted students. For more information about need-based financial aid and the Rice Investment, please visit our Office of Financial Aid website. Programs Rice supports include the College Prep Conferences and the National College Match program which runs October through December. Citizens and Permanent Residents OR students, regardless of citizenship, currently attending high school in the United States. Getting an essay online is 100% secure and anonymous. We know that one of the biggest factors in determining the right school is affordability. Because we believe talent deserves opportunity, Rice offers need-blind admission to domestic students. This means we do not consider finances when we review the application. Additionally, Rice meets 100 percent of demonstrated need â" without loans â" through the Rice Investment, one of the most notable financial aid programs in the country. Custom admission essay is thorough when written by our team, which consists of skillful experts, practiced with everyday application of writing admission essays. Theyâll fulfill any wish concerning admission essay writing. An admission applicant should try to put themselves in the position of the application readers. Youâre allowed to use an unconventional outline, especially because the overall goal is to make you stand out, but it is safer to stick to this format. Or you can put in work our admission essay service. Writing your college application essay is difficult. A great essay can help you get accepted to your dream school. We want to help you write that great essay and get accepted. Get clarity and support in your college application process. A great application essay presents a vivid, personal, and compelling view of you to the admissions committee. It rounds out the rest of your application and helps you stand out from other applicants. If you were an admission evaluator you would likely want to know if the applicant has good character and how the potential candidate could help the reputation of the school. The supporting evidence needs to provide some background information to the admission board that supports your thesis claims and distinguishes your essay from the thousands of other applications that they receive. This supporting evidence is the foundation of your argument as it provides the information that makes your thesis credible. Every sentence needs to provide information that has a direct correlation to your thesis. This is your chance share how your vision, goals, triumphs and experiences have molded who you are, and why you would be a choice candidate for admissions. They may differ, so it is important that the writer knows and tailors your essay accordingly. Paperell range of authors has the right experience for this. By buying an admissions essay from Paperell you will increase your chances of succeeding with your application significantly. A great essay will stick in the boardâs mind for right reasons. Use this definitive guide for your college application essay format. Students need to stand out in the competitive admissions landscape.FLEX College Prep is a team of the best strategists in the industry. The essay is one of the only parts of the application over which you have complete control, so take the time to do a good job on it. But if you start asking yourself crazy questions like âHow did my life change this week? â youâll get in the habit of connecting the small stuff with the big picture, and thatâs an extremely valuable habit to have, especially when it comes to writing your college admission essay. These scholarships are based solely on merit and financial need is not taken into consideration. About 20% of admitted students are offered a merit scholarship each year. Students awarded a merit-based scholarship will be notified at the time of admission.
Wednesday, August 5, 2020
Associate And Bachelors Admissions
Associate And Bachelor's Admissions Technology has a few benefits, like being able to have many books in one place. I can have a large waiting list of my preferred books, all downloaded and ready to read. Now, instead of tiring our ears, I work away pencils, marking when I find something powerful, noting my thoughts in the margins of the pages. Then, when Iâve finished, I go back and read my own insights. It would be all too easy to let my constant busyness and the distractions of daily life keep me from trying to understand the world and my place in it, but I wonât let that happen. I will forever be aware of myself and others, and I hope to never act on an unconscious bias. I know that Descartes was thinking thateverythingtold to him by his senses might be wrong, but I think his revelation applies more usefully to behaviors and biases we learn from a young age as well. I am able even to buy and download anything I desire from the Amazon website whenever I want. However, as convenient as technology can be, I still prefer holding a book in my hands. I have always treasured the sensation of paper on my fingers as I flip through the pages of an engrossing story. Discussion, for me, is a natural part of the reading process. The written word isnât meant to be a solitary thing; itâs meant to be shared. Not only that, for me, saying aloud my ideas helps me to better understand and clarify my thoughts, and thus myself. This is my favorite quotation from my favorite book, The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela. I read this book for the first time in eighth grade while exploring the causes and consequences of the Mexican revolution. I am not simply interested in St. Johnâs; I am mesmerized by it. The thought of reading forty books in class over the school year excites me. I loved tracing out the shapes and letters, turning the pages, pretending Icouldread. The only thing I didnât like about books was when people would read them out loud . I wasnât quite able to read the original, so I was forced to resort to the âNo fear Shakespeareâ version. What I considered important was different from what my school considered important as all their interest goes into exams. They talked about what the quickest way to memorize is and what is going to be in the test to memorize. Consequently, my interest and passion in other things only brought me loneliness in learning. However, through my entire high school life, I was not allowed to have a conversation in classes. However, my reading material has changed since elementary school. I appreciate nonfiction more than I did as a child. Ever since I took my first philosophy course, when I am seen with a book in my hands it is a philosophical work. In my opinion, Ludwig Wittgenstein beats William Shakespeare any day. Sometimes the difficulty makes reading the book more rewarding. I slowed downâ"It wasnât like I was racing anyoneâ"and tried to hear every characters voice, hear the nuances of the words, and imagine how it would sound aloud. The book took me a full two weeks to finish, the longest it has ever taken me to finish a book in my life. And this experience opened up a whole new side of reading for me. When I leave the house I usually use my Kindle for convenience. For a long time, I bombarded my family with a constant but ever changing stream of chatter on my book of choice. Then, in eighth grade I was introduced to annotations. At first I thought they were tedious and annoying, but given time, I grew to appreciate the exercise. There is nothing more satisfying than finally understanding a passage I couldnât understand before. That moment of clarity makes the reading worth it. When I finally learned to read, my love of books only increased. In elementary school I could always be found with a book in my hand. I read books about pioneers, astronauts, ordinary kids doing extraordinary things.
Associate And Bachelors Admissions
Associate And Bachelor's Admissions Technology has a few benefits, like being able to have many books in one place. I can have a large waiting list of my preferred books, all downloaded and ready to read. Now, instead of tiring our ears, I work away pencils, marking when I find something powerful, noting my thoughts in the margins of the pages. Then, when Iâve finished, I go back and read my own insights. It would be all too easy to let my constant busyness and the distractions of daily life keep me from trying to understand the world and my place in it, but I wonât let that happen. I will forever be aware of myself and others, and I hope to never act on an unconscious bias. I know that Descartes was thinking thateverythingtold to him by his senses might be wrong, but I think his revelation applies more usefully to behaviors and biases we learn from a young age as well. I am able even to buy and download anything I desire from the Amazon website whenever I want. However, as convenient as technology can be, I still prefer holding a book in my hands. I have always treasured the sensation of paper on my fingers as I flip through the pages of an engrossing story. Discussion, for me, is a natural part of the reading process. The written word isnât meant to be a solitary thing; itâs meant to be shared. Not only that, for me, saying aloud my ideas helps me to better understand and clarify my thoughts, and thus myself. This is my favorite quotation from my favorite book, The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela. I read this book for the first time in eighth grade while exploring the causes and consequences of the Mexican revolution. I am not simply interested in St. Johnâs; I am mesmerized by it. The thought of reading forty books in class over the school year excites me. I loved tracing out the shapes and letters, turning the pages, pretending Icouldread. The only thing I didnât like about books was when people would read them out loud . I wasnât quite able to read the original, so I was forced to resort to the âNo fear Shakespeareâ version. What I considered important was different from what my school considered important as all their interest goes into exams. They talked about what the quickest way to memorize is and what is going to be in the test to memorize. Consequently, my interest and passion in other things only brought me loneliness in learning. However, through my entire high school life, I was not allowed to have a conversation in classes. However, my reading material has changed since elementary school. I appreciate nonfiction more than I did as a child. Ever since I took my first philosophy course, when I am seen with a book in my hands it is a philosophical work. In my opinion, Ludwig Wittgenstein beats William Shakespeare any day. Sometimes the difficulty makes reading the book more rewarding. I slowed downâ"It wasnât like I was racing anyoneâ"and tried to hear every characters voice, hear the nuances of the words, and imagine how it would sound aloud. The book took me a full two weeks to finish, the longest it has ever taken me to finish a book in my life. And this experience opened up a whole new side of reading for me. When I leave the house I usually use my Kindle for convenience. For a long time, I bombarded my family with a constant but ever changing stream of chatter on my book of choice. Then, in eighth grade I was introduced to annotations. At first I thought they were tedious and annoying, but given time, I grew to appreciate the exercise. There is nothing more satisfying than finally understanding a passage I couldnât understand before. That moment of clarity makes the reading worth it. When I finally learned to read, my love of books only increased. In elementary school I could always be found with a book in my hand. I read books about pioneers, astronauts, ordinary kids doing extraordinary things.
Tuesday, August 4, 2020
Stanford Accepted Application
Stanford Accepted Application However, it will save you a lot of time in the long run. If you later realize that you misread the prompt, you might need to start the writing process from scratch. Effective March 16, if you have any questions for the Office of Admissions, please contact us through our online form at z.umn.edu/contactadmissions. Due to limited staffing levels, we will not be able to provide phone service for the foreseeable future. An admissions counselor or staff member will respond to you as soon as possible. Your conclusion must impart upon your audience the a sense of completion. Be certain to relate statements included in the introduction and body of your admission essay in the conclusion of your essay. âThere are 745 colleges with at least 1 application file on AdmitSee.com, and 286 colleges with 10+ application files on the site,â Fayal said. âIf you take out diversity candidates and student athletes, the difference between legacy and non-legacy students gets really scary,â Fayal said. Let us enhance your essay so that it stands out from the crowd. Even in such a badly broken system, however, there is one component that does not need to be fixed. I am talking about the dread personal essay, which is too easy to falsify, and mostly worthless even when it hasnât been faked. For help with your college essay or college guidance, visit or call . You can write conversationally, but the grammar and spelling still need to be correct. You must work on selling yourself even if you are not comfortable doing so. If you do not, someone else will and your dreams could be shattered. Please provide concrete examples on how and where you demonstrated abilities to lead a pack or have stood out in a crowd with exemplary performance. Universities love to showcase achievers in their promos and alumni newsletters as this is a way to attract more enrollments. Summarize your admission essay with a sound conclusion to bring your essay to completion. Submit your Golden Gopher Application or the Common Application.We do not have a preference for which application platform you use, but please submit only one application. Submitting more than one will delay your admission decision. After you have written your essay, be sure to share it with friends, family, and teachers for feedback. Make sure you and someone who hasn't read the essay before give it a final read for spelling and grammar mistakes before you submit it. Thousands will be applying to the same colleges as you are. Like the first item, this isnât something that should take a lot of time. This is another step that can initially seem completely skippable, but organizing your writing can save you considerable stress and frustration. A good writing plan can streamline or even eliminate the need to do any significant rewrites. With so many other things in your schedule, this process can initially seem like a waste of time. Create a rough outline, including approximately how long each paragraph needs to be in order to complete the essay within the word count limits. Creating a schedule, even if you need to modify it later, gets your brain in motion. Donât share anything that doesnât make you sound good, unless you absolutely have to and you can turn it around to show the positive. It was really interesting learning about this history that I wasnât able to learn in America from somebody who was super-knowledgeable and cared a lot about it. I remember my sister was leaning on me, and we were driving on the highway. So, I wrote about my love for history and my love for listening to stories. Rice admitted 10% of applicants for the admissions cycle. Students who are interested in attending Rice will need more than a solid academic performance and good test scores to stand out to the admissions committee. The spirit and camaraderie of black college living is a lifestyle - the HBCU lifestyle! We're committed to keeping you connected to the black college living experience, bringing you the latest on everything, from scholarships and dorm living to Greek life and alumni giving. Treat your college essay as though you were preparing a resume for a well paying job. you could discuss a time you created an initiative to reduce food and plastic waste in your school cafeteria. The School of Social Sciences emphasizes the professional development of students through the Gateway Program. And donât solely rely on your computerâs spell-checker. Leverage your native culture, traditions, and experiences. If youâre an international applicant, Native American, or otherwise non-traditional student, donât try to âAmericanizeâ or âmainstreamâ your application. The goal is to stand out and not appear to be like all the other applicants. Always think about what information you want colleges to know and use when evaluating your application.
Stanford Accepted Application
Stanford Accepted Application However, it will save you a lot of time in the long run. If you later realize that you misread the prompt, you might need to start the writing process from scratch. Effective March 16, if you have any questions for the Office of Admissions, please contact us through our online form at z.umn.edu/contactadmissions. Due to limited staffing levels, we will not be able to provide phone service for the foreseeable future. An admissions counselor or staff member will respond to you as soon as possible. Your conclusion must impart upon your audience the a sense of completion. Be certain to relate statements included in the introduction and body of your admission essay in the conclusion of your essay. âThere are 745 colleges with at least 1 application file on AdmitSee.com, and 286 colleges with 10+ application files on the site,â Fayal said. âIf you take out diversity candidates and student athletes, the difference between legacy and non-legacy students gets really scary,â Fayal said. Let us enhance your essay so that it stands out from the crowd. Even in such a badly broken system, however, there is one component that does not need to be fixed. I am talking about the dread personal essay, which is too easy to falsify, and mostly worthless even when it hasnât been faked. For help with your college essay or college guidance, visit or call . You can write conversationally, but the grammar and spelling still need to be correct. You must work on selling yourself even if you are not comfortable doing so. If you do not, someone else will and your dreams could be shattered. Please provide concrete examples on how and where you demonstrated abilities to lead a pack or have stood out in a crowd with exemplary performance. Universities love to showcase achievers in their promos and alumni newsletters as this is a way to attract more enrollments. Summarize your admission essay with a sound conclusion to bring your essay to completion. Submit your Golden Gopher Application or the Common Application.We do not have a preference for which application platform you use, but please submit only one application. Submitting more than one will delay your admission decision. After you have written your essay, be sure to share it with friends, family, and teachers for feedback. Make sure you and someone who hasn't read the essay before give it a final read for spelling and grammar mistakes before you submit it. Thousands will be applying to the same colleges as you are. Like the first item, this isnât something that should take a lot of time. This is another step that can initially seem completely skippable, but organizing your writing can save you considerable stress and frustration. A good writing plan can streamline or even eliminate the need to do any significant rewrites. With so many other things in your schedule, this process can initially seem like a waste of time. Create a rough outline, including approximately how long each paragraph needs to be in order to complete the essay within the word count limits. Creating a schedule, even if you need to modify it later, gets your brain in motion. Donât share anything that doesnât make you sound good, unless you absolutely have to and you can turn it around to show the positive. It was really interesting learning about this history that I wasnât able to learn in America from somebody who was super-knowledgeable and cared a lot about it. I remember my sister was leaning on me, and we were driving on the highway. So, I wrote about my love for history and my love for listening to stories. Rice admitted 10% of applicants for the admissions cycle. Students who are interested in attending Rice will need more than a solid academic performance and good test scores to stand out to the admissions committee. The spirit and camaraderie of black college living is a lifestyle - the HBCU lifestyle! We're committed to keeping you connected to the black college living experience, bringing you the latest on everything, from scholarships and dorm living to Greek life and alumni giving. Treat your college essay as though you were preparing a resume for a well paying job. you could discuss a time you created an initiative to reduce food and plastic waste in your school cafeteria. The School of Social Sciences emphasizes the professional development of students through the Gateway Program. And donât solely rely on your computerâs spell-checker. Leverage your native culture, traditions, and experiences. If youâre an international applicant, Native American, or otherwise non-traditional student, donât try to âAmericanizeâ or âmainstreamâ your application. The goal is to stand out and not appear to be like all the other applicants. Always think about what information you want colleges to know and use when evaluating your application.
Saturday, August 1, 2020
How To Write The Perfect College Admission Essay
How To Write The Perfect College Admission Essay Think about the questions we asked above and the prompt for the essay, and then write for 15 or 30 minutes without stopping. What do you want your audience to know after reading your essay? Donât worry about grammar, punctuation, organization, or anything else. For help getting started, see our handout on brainstorming. And, one more time, donât write in cliches and platitudes. Every doctor wants to help save lives, every lawyer wants to work for justiceâ"your reader has read these general cliches a million times. If you have earned any college credit while in high school, request that the college or university send official transcripts to UT Austin. All applicants must submitthree required short answersand may submitone optional short answerresponding to prompts in your admissions application. Answers are limited to no more than 40 lines, or about 250â"300 words, typically the length of one paragraph. If you have any questions about completing your application for admission, please contact the Office of Admissions at to speak with an admissions counselor. Please find information below to assist you in completing your application for admission and address frequently asked questions. These optional materials will be accepted as part of the application if a student chooses to submit them. Do not rush your writing process; create space in your schedule to revise your work. Ultimately, it is up to you to polish your essay before you submit. The quality of your essay will determine your admission to the college. If you select a second-choice major other than the Division of General Studies on your application, write a second essay explaining your interest in this major, too. We want to give you enough time to craft the very best essays you canâ"and the best way to do that is to tell you what they are now. Students may also contact the Office of Admissions at with additional questions. The optional information below is NOT required for admissions consideration, but will be considered as part of the studentâs application for admission if submitted. The following materials may be required of some students where applicable. If you have questions, please contact the Office of Admissions at to speak with an admissions counselor. ACT or SAT test scores are not required for the Fall 2021 admissions application. Applicants may choose to submit either the ACT or SAT as part of their admissions application. When provided, ACT and/or SAT scores will continue to serve as just one of the many factors considered in our review of a studentâs application. There is an online resource for frequently asked questions regarding submitting standardized test scores. The priority deadline offers students the opportunity to receive their admission decision up to one month earlier. All completed applications received by November 1 will receive an admission decision by February 1, which may include a deferred decision to March 1 . You may submitup to two optional letters of recommendationwith your admission application. These letters may be from teachers, mentors, or people who know you well, either within or outside of your high school. The letter should be able to give additional context or information to support your admission that is not already provided in your application or other submitted documents (résumé, transcripts). Students who wish to have an SAT or ACT score reviewed with their admissions application must submit at least one set of test scores. (We do not require the SAT Essay or ACT Writing scores.) Scores included in transcripts and copies of score reports donât meet this requirement. Itâs probably much more personal than any of the papers you have written for class because itâs about you, not World War II or planaria. You may want to start by just getting somethingâ"anythingâ"on paper.
How To Write The Perfect College Admission Essay
How To Write The Perfect College Admission Essay Think about the questions we asked above and the prompt for the essay, and then write for 15 or 30 minutes without stopping. What do you want your audience to know after reading your essay? Donât worry about grammar, punctuation, organization, or anything else. For help getting started, see our handout on brainstorming. And, one more time, donât write in cliches and platitudes. Every doctor wants to help save lives, every lawyer wants to work for justiceâ"your reader has read these general cliches a million times. If you have earned any college credit while in high school, request that the college or university send official transcripts to UT Austin. All applicants must submitthree required short answersand may submitone optional short answerresponding to prompts in your admissions application. Answers are limited to no more than 40 lines, or about 250â"300 words, typically the length of one paragraph. If you have any questions about completing your application for admission, please contact the Office of Admissions at to speak with an admissions counselor. Please find information below to assist you in completing your application for admission and address frequently asked questions. These optional materials will be accepted as part of the application if a student chooses to submit them. Do not rush your writing process; create space in your schedule to revise your work. Ultimately, it is up to you to polish your essay before you submit. The quality of your essay will determine your admission to the college. If you select a second-choice major other than the Division of General Studies on your application, write a second essay explaining your interest in this major, too. We want to give you enough time to craft the very best essays you canâ"and the best way to do that is to tell you what they are now. Students may also contact the Office of Admissions at with additional questions. The optional information below is NOT required for admissions consideration, but will be considered as part of the studentâs application for admission if submitted. The following materials may be required of some students where applicable. If you have questions, please contact the Office of Admissions at to speak with an admissions counselor. ACT or SAT test scores are not required for the Fall 2021 admissions application. Applicants may choose to submit either the ACT or SAT as part of their admissions application. When provided, ACT and/or SAT scores will continue to serve as just one of the many factors considered in our review of a studentâs application. There is an online resource for frequently asked questions regarding submitting standardized test scores. The priority deadline offers students the opportunity to receive their admission decision up to one month earlier. All completed applications received by November 1 will receive an admission decision by February 1, which may include a deferred decision to March 1 . You may submitup to two optional letters of recommendationwith your admission application. These letters may be from teachers, mentors, or people who know you well, either within or outside of your high school. The letter should be able to give additional context or information to support your admission that is not already provided in your application or other submitted documents (résumé, transcripts). Students who wish to have an SAT or ACT score reviewed with their admissions application must submit at least one set of test scores. (We do not require the SAT Essay or ACT Writing scores.) Scores included in transcripts and copies of score reports donât meet this requirement. Itâs probably much more personal than any of the papers you have written for class because itâs about you, not World War II or planaria. You may want to start by just getting somethingâ"anythingâ"on paper.
Friday, July 31, 2020
Application Guide
Application Guide Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to take a class of students to Belgium in order to study the EU. This course revealed a direct correlation between what I had studied in the classroom with the real world. After spending several weeks studying the EU, its history and present movement towards integration, the class flew to Brussels where we met with officials and proceeded to learn firsthand how the EU functioned. My inclination towards the varied is not contained to my food habitsâ"it is a recurring theme throughout my life. I regularly switch from my momâs house to my dadâs. I have a fifteen-year-old sister and a two-year-old brother. Itâs a chance to add depth to something that is important to you and tell the admissions committee more about your background or goals. Luckily, I rekindled my love for climbing in high school, and now cannot imagine life without it. My passion for climbing is fueled by the adrenaline that pumps through my veins. I strive to become fluent in Spanish; traveling the world is a dream of mine. Recently, I have discovered that I really like to code; Iâm sure in the coming years I will explore things I didnât know I was interested in. To a casual onlooker, this question may appear inconsequential in its hypothetical nature, but as they say; you are what you eat. The model comparison course was not only the most challenging course I have taken as an undergraduate, but the most important. As the sole undergraduate in the course and only college algebra under my belt, I felt quite intimidated. Yet, the rigors of the class compelled me to expand my thinking and learn to overcome any insecurities and deficits in my education. The effort paid off as I earned not only an âAâ in the course, but also won the T.O.P.S. award in statistics. This award is given to the top undergraduate student with a demonstrated history of success in statistics. Being part of the rock climbing community has helped me develop my social skills. I grew up scaling the tallest trees I could find, desiring the highest vantage point. Growing up in the uniformly flat state of Florida, I was limited in my upward journey. Test scores only tell part of your story, and we want to know more than just how well you work. Take a look at our college essay samplesto get an idea of what colleges are looking for in your essay. Our vision is to be the company that best recognizes and serves the needs of international students around the world. Additionally, my attendance would allow the Political Science department to make a more accurate determination on how well I would fit in to the program than from solely my graduate school application. This fall I will embark on writing an additional honors thesis in political science. While the precise topic of my thesis is undecided, I am particularly interested in Mexico and its development towards a more democratic government. Minoring in Spanish, I have read various pieces of literature from Mexico and have come to respect Mexico and Latin American culture and society. I look forward to conducting this research as it will have a more qualitative tilt than my thesis in psychology, therefore granting an additional understanding of research methodology. I love to play viola; I get a rush communicating without-words to my quartet members in order to convey a musical message. I am at my happiest reading a good book; their complex stories captivate me and I aspire to write a novel of my own. I want to make laws that improve my country; all people should have a shot at the American dream. My interest in attending the University of Rochester in particular, relates to my first semester at OU and the opportunity to take an introductory course in statistics with the now retired Dr. Larry Miller. Through the combination of a genuine appreciation and knack for statistics and with his encouragement, I proceeded to take his advanced statistics class as well as the first graduate level statistics course at OU. I continued my statistical training by completing the second graduate statistics course on model comparisons with Dr. Roger Johnson, a Professor in the Psychology Department. I am passionate about protecting the environment; reducing our effect on global-warming is of the utmost importance to me. I want to help those in need; people still donât have access to clean water and I want to use my privilege to help change that.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Effect of Business Process Reengineering Factors on Organizational Performance - Free Essay Example
The increasing competitive pressure as a result of technological development, globalization, changing customer demand led to survival challenges of many banks in the developing countries and demanded for improvement in quality customer service and speed to enhance profitability performance and cost reduction. This study is aim at exploring possible relationships among the factors of business process reengineering, and test a model that show the effect of BPR factors on firm performance with the moderating effect of IT capability on the causal relationship between the BPR factors and organizational performance of banks in Nigeria. Field study survey would be conducted under natural research setting. The sample of the study consists of commercial banks, microfinance banks and primary mortgage financial institutions. Closed-ended multiple choice questionnaires would be administered to the banks and both descriptive and inferential statistics analysis would be used in data analysis. K ey words: Business process reengineering, Factors of business process reengineering, Information technology capability, Organizational performance, Banks, Nigeria, INTRODUCTION Business process reengineering (BPR) is a popular management tool for dealing with rapid technological and business changes (Ranganathan Dhaliwal, 2001). It was first introduced by Hammer (1990), as a radical redesign of processes in order to gain significant improvements in cost, quality, and services (Ozcelik, 2010). BPR creates changes in people (behavior and culture), processes and technology (Al-Mashari Zairi, 2000). It does not seek to alter or fix existing processes; but, it forces companies to ask, whether or not a process is necessary, and then seeks to find a better way to do it (Siha Saad, 2008). BPR integrates all departments into a complete process which have been designed to fulfill a specific business goal (Cheng et al, 2006). Successful implementation of BPR enables organizations to a chieve dramatic gains in business performance (Shin Jemella, 2002). BPR helps banks to deal with new economic challenges and change the traditional processes to improve their customers satisfaction. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is a management discipline of analyzing and then redesigning current business processes and their components in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and added value to the objectives of the business. The conduct of business process reengineering steps is planned to gather and process business requirements in support of a modernization effort for defined area. The BPR starts with planning activities that include the creation of BPR team, the development of a BPR scope document and an examination of existing proposal that relate to a given area, examines the existing and future business process and improve accordingly. Similar to any other management approaches, the successful implementation of BPR depend on how well it can be fitted to the bank/compa nies cultural norms, and information technology (IT) suggested by (Davenport Short, (1990); Hammer and Champy (1993); Murray and Lynn (1997); Al-Mashari and Zairi, (1999); Bhatt (2000); Khong and Richardson, (2003); Attaran (2004); Ahmad, Francis and Zairi, (2007). Reengineering in a bank should be undertaken as a project, the project management expertise of IT department become a key ingredient in the success of reengineering. The IT capability includes both the technical and managerial expertise required to provide reliable physical services and extensive electronic connectivity within and outside firm. Information technology (IT) increase the market share of the bank through offering of a product or service that is not offered by another bank (e.g. those customers that prefer private/personalized banking or use debit cards have become the focus of retail and investments in banking (Beyers and Lederer 2001; Peffers and Dos Santos 1996; Post et al., 1995). For example, new inno vative banking practice through merger and consolidation enabled Nigerian banks to bridge the service gap in the system (Sidikat and Ayanda 2008). Therefore, the application of IT capability would enhance service delivery process, produce new product, new processes, new strategy, make the productivity of work faster, eliminate all communication barriers in the organization and empower workers to link up with customers and suppliers to achieve competitive advantage (Davenport, 1990; Hammer, 1990; Teng, James, Grover Fiedler, 1994). The banking sector plays the role of a driver in Nigerian economy that contributed over 6.4% against a target of 10% of total GDP (CBN, 2008). The management of information is a key activity in banking, and the influence of process reengineering and innovations through IT is likely to be bigger in banking than in other industries (David-west, 2005). Banks importantly require IT to coordinate enormous volumes of information (David-west, 2005). Informati on technology (IT) is perceived as a necessity to pursue the rationalization and cost management due to intensified competition and crisis in the financial sector (De Bandt Davis, 2000). Information technology has helped Nigerian banks to streamline the back office operations by improving both efficiency and cost reduction. Advances in technology also influence the way banks services are delivered with aimed of making it more convenient for customers. For example, many banks in Africa now have their branches connected on-line real time (24/7). This clearly reduces the danger of carrying cash. Some banks have ATM to make cash available to their customers 24/7. Some Nigerian banks practice e-banking, telephone, and mobile banking. Money transfers services through MoneyGramme and Western Union Money transfer have enable Nigerian in Diaspora to send money to their family (CBN, 2008). Information technology capability (IT operations and IT knowledge) moreover, makes Nigerian banks to pa rticipate more effectively in international banking arena. For instance, some technologically up to date banks enable them to access international banking networks in order to efficiently affect fund transfer, open, amend, and negotiate letter of credit, retrieve up to date status of customer transactions among the banks that joined the Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT The decline in operational performance efficiency of Nigerian banks in terms of return on assets, equity and operating cost requires urgent attention of the banks to re-strategiesÃâà ¿Ãâà ½ for process performance improvement (CBN/BSD, 2008). Sanusi (2010) argued that poor operational performance indices of Nigerian financial institutions were due to inadequate and inflexible operational processes. This was part of the revelations of the special audit for all the Nigerian banks conducted jointly by Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigeria d eposit insurance corporation (NDIC) in July 2009 for Commercial banks and in February 2010 for Microfinance banks. Vetiva Capital Management (2010), reported a quarterly performance of stocks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market for the quarters ended September 2010 that indicated the negative performance of (-2.49%) of banking industry stocks as compared to other industrial sectors of the economy. The weak operational processes of banking services are responsible for decimal performance of the sector in Nigeria (Ibenta, 2010) The consequences of merger and consolidation of operational process and an intensified foreign competition in financial service industry through liberalization and globalization faced by the organizations led to radical changes in operations, and services that result in conflicting performance (Wei Nair, 2006). The customer retention became a key factor in determining the success of bank. The bank that has the largest customer base and highest customer re tention rate will be a market leader in the industry. Hence, the quality of customer service becomes a driving force in ascertaining business survival in the banking industry (Tang Zairi, 1998). Various authors such as Tas Sunder, (2004); Bhatt Trout, (2005); Tennat Wu, (2005) Terziovski, Fitzpatrick ONeill, (2003); Salimifard, Abbaszadeh Ghorbanpur (2010) argued that business process reengineering (BPR) in banking services have continued to increased organizational performance and identified the BPR factors that played a major role to successful outcomes for reengineering projects to includes: change management, management commitment, project management, customer focus, adequate financial resources, egalitarian culture, use of I.T, less bureaucratic structure, and quality management system. CSF is one of the most important areas that practitioner would have a greater opportunity to plan and manage successfully if identified in the research on BPR implementation (Cheng Chiu, 2008). Therefore, given the popularity of BPR and high degree of failure rate linked with BPR project, the desire to identify the key success factors of BPR has gain importance as contemporary management approach for business success. In Nigerian banking industry, managers realized the effectiveness of BPR for gaining competitive advantage even though it is new, they do not fully understand what BPR is about and the CSFs that drive the successful implementation of the BPR project. Therefore, to fill this gap, an investigation into BPR factors would be worthwhile. When examining the relationship between the reengineering factors such as intangible resources and organizational performance, it has been posited that there may exist some key moderating variables that are important issues to research (Wade Hulland, 2004). A moderator variable is a qualitative/quantitative variable that affect the direction and/or strengthen of the relationship between an independent or predictor variable and dependent or criterion variable (Baron Kenny 1986). The moderating variable of great interest is organization IT capability and its influence on the intangible resources (BPR factors) performance relationships (Liu, Liu, Hu, 2008). The growing of business dependence on information technology both operationally and strategically require the need to focus on value-creating intangible issues of IT capability, such as process effectiveness, IT experience and innovation. IT management experience and competence is expected to show stronger leadership skills and commitment in organizations (Ross Feeny 1999; Gottschalk 2002; Chun Mooney 2009). Building upon the knowledge-based theory, it is argued that the ability to blend business and IT knowledge, operational experience for innovation and competence through a variety of strong intra-organizational relationships lies at the heart of firms superior ability to understand the potential of information technology to enhance performa nce (Mata et al. 1995; Armstrong Sambamurthy 1999; Wu et al. 2008). To add up the contingency model in explaining the seemingly conflicting findings regarding the impact of aggregate IT capability. Tuominen et al. (2003) proposed the assessment of innovativeness through organizational adaptability as a pre-performance resource and an intermediate factor for financial performance. With the problem at stake, it has therefore become necessary to advance the understanding of the relationship between the factors in business process reengineering performance and IT capability in terms of IT knowledge and IT operations. Previous empirical studies that examined the BPR factors reengineering performance relationships (Cheng Chiu, 2008) have ignored the specific nature of IT capability and also, has not fully considered important environmental condition that influence the relationships. Drawing on the resource-based view, contingency perspective proposed that IT capability impact on firm resources was contingent on the fit between the IT capability/resource a firm possesses and the demands of the industry in which it competes. IT capability is expected to influence the BPR factors and reengineering performance relationships. To the researcherÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s knowledge, this moderating effect has never been investigated by prior studies. Although some firms in Asia, UK and US have examined the application of BPR in financial service industry, evidence revealed that much effort did not reach the original expectation (Hammer Champy, 1993). Therefore, the proposed study is different from the previous researches based on the additional three (3) BPR factors in terms of adequate financial resources; effective process redesign, and less bureaucratic flattered structure (Ahmad et al, 2007; Madubueze, 2007; Salimifard, et al, 2010) were introduced into the previous model used. Also, IT capability in terms of IT knowledge and IT operations was being viewed as moderator ( Tippins Sohi, 2003; Mistry, 2006; Yongmei, Hongjian Junhua, 2008). Huang et al, (2009) argued that the empirical evidence of Italian banks suggests that the development of IT capability, such as creating an Intranet to serve as a repository and communication tool, can support the redefinition of the overall strategy of the bank. Furthermore, cultural integration of the branch network and a life-long training process can be conducted to sustain the banks large scale network (Canato and Corrocher 2004). Despite the fact that the financial service industry is one of the early adopters of new information technologies, the effect of IT capability on firm performance is inconclusive in the service sector in general, which is contrary to its manufacturing counterpart (Brynjolfsson 1993). The comparison to be made between banks with BPR project Vs. banks without BPR project (Xin James He, 2005) as well as settings to identify the discrepancies as a result different cultures, environment, economic activities and level of infrastructural development (Peppard and Fitzgerald, 1997). In view of the above mentioned gaps and the suggestion for further studies by scholars, this study is attempt to investigate and understand the effect of the I.T capability (in terms of I.T skill/knowledge and IT operations) on the performance of Nigerian banks and financial institutions, the possible relationships among the constructs of BPR factors and performance, and test a model that show the effect of BPR factors on organizational performance as well as the influence of IT capability that moderate the causal relationship between the BPR factors and performance of Nigerian banks (Commercial, Microfinance and Mortgage finance. Hence, this study is aimed to explore possible relationships among the constructs, and test a model that show the effect of BPR factors on firm performance and the moderating effect of IT capability on the causal relationship between the BPR factors and organiza tional performance of banks in Nigeria. LITERATURE REVIEW Organizational Performance The challenges for globalization of financial markets require major changes on the part of market participants to move beyond national-level competition and achieve international and global competitiveness. The entire banking industry is focusing on major process performance enhancements and gains in domestic market share as a catalyst for successful diversification. Banks are concentrating their efforts on market segments offering the potential for growth and enhancing performance, resulting in a re-direction within the overall financial services sector. Innovative banking services and processes were evolved as the market consolidates due to mergers and acquisitions. This dual trend toward specialization and consolidation is forging banks that will be able to compete in international and global markets. Performance enhancement efforts are aimed at a complete realignment of internal process es. In addition to cost containment strategies, focus is now on improving customer service delivery. Organization processes must be effective, efficient, and be more customer-friendly. Attempts are being made to transfer approaches like process reengineering initiatives that have proven effective in other industries, particularly manufacturing, to the financial sector. Organizational performance comprises the actual output or results of an organization as measured against its inputs. Organizational performance measures allow companies to focus attention on areas that need improvement by assessing how well work is done in terms of cost, quality, and time. TodayÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s business environment is characterized by the increasing importance and strength of various stakeholder groups. It has become quite obvious that all stakeholders need to be taken into account when assessing modern companyÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s performance. This is the main idea of FreemanÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s S takeholder theory (Freeman, 1984, 1994). The stakeholder view maintains that firms have stakeholders rather than just shareholders to account for. The view that the corporation has obligations only to its stockholders is replaced by the notion that there are other groups to whom the firm is also responsible. Groups with a stake in the firm include shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, lenders, the government, and society (Berman et al., 1999; Harrison Freeman, 1999; Hillman Keim, 2001; Riahi-Belkaoui, 2003). One important notion revealed in many studies is that building better relations with primary stakeholders like employees, customers and suppliers could lead to increased shareholderÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s wealth. A sustainable organizational advantage may be built with tacit assets that derive from developing relationships with key stakeholders (Hillman Keim, 2001). When studying the relationship between stakeholder management and a firmÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s financial p erformance, Berman et al. (1999) found that fostering positive connections with key stakeholders (customers and employees) can help a firmÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s profitability. Therefore due to the significance of various stakeholders, organizational performance should not be solely assessed by financial indicators. There are several approaches to organizational performance measurement that encompass different stakeholderÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s perspectives (Tangem, 2004). The balanced scorecard (BSC) (Kaplan Norton, 1992, 1993, 1996) is the most established and most commonly used (Neely, 2005), but by far not the only one. The multi-model performance framework (MMPF) model by Weerakoon (1996) is also very interesting and has four-dimensions including employee motivation, market performance, productivity performance, and societal impact, and covers the satisfaction of various stakeholders such as customers, investors, employees, suppliers, and society. A more recently developed conceptu al framework is the performance prism, which suggests that a performance measurement system should be organized around five distinct but linked perspectives of performance (Tangem, 2004). Organizational performances in this study refer to the level of bank performance (increase/decrease) in terms of both financial and non financial performance indicators. Organizational effectiveness represents the outcome of organizational activities (Henri, 2004). Organizational effectiveness empirically is the ultimate dependent variable in research on organization (Cameron, 1986). The perception of organizational performance is linked to the continued success and achievement of an organization. There are wide ranging literatures on performance, but there is still no consensus definition of the term performance (Johannessen, Olaisen, Olsen, 1999). Murphy, Trailer Hill (1996), study found the use of term performance to include 71 different measures of performance categorized into eight (8) di mensions of both financial and non financial measures. Majority of the previous studies used financial and non financial indicators to measure performance (Johannessen et al., 1999; Murphy et al., 1996). The debate on what performance measurement to use would continue as criteria could not apply to all settings (Cameron, 1986). A review of the literature on the evaluation of performance in organization context by Gomes, Yasin Lisboa (2004), reveals different emphasis on the performance measurement depending on the objective of the organization in that particular situation. There are many possible benefits from reengineering that translate into improved organizational performance. However, because of wide possibility of benefit from company innovativeness on performance a multiple dimensional scale of performance measurement offers more comprehensive operationalization of organizational performance than on uni- dimensional approach. Examples on some financial performance indicato rs employed in previous studies are: profitability, success rate of new service (product) introduction, after tax return on investment, sales growth, and after tax return on assets. Example of non financial performance indicators includes: customer satisfaction, customer focus, market research, and customer relationship management, quality and process improvement. Therefore based on the previous studies, this study would consider multiple measurement of performance (Financial performance and Customer service management performance). The financial and non financial performance indicators would consist of: profit, profit growth performance target, sales growth, overall response to competition, future outlook, and success rate in new product launch, overall business performance, customer service management, market research, customer relationship management, customer satisfaction, operational performance, speed, quality service and process improvement. In this study, the perceived me asures of financial and non financial performance of organization would be used because subjective measure was found to be correlated with objective measure of performance (Dess Robinson, 1984; Dawe, 1999). Also the previous studies Lyles Salk (1996); Hansen Wernerfelt (1989); Bart et al., (2001) confirmed the reliabilities and correlations between objective measures and perceived measures are strong. Similarly, previous studies conducted by Bontis (1998); and Bontis et al., (2000) revealed that subjective measure of performance (financial and non financial) are feasible. Therefore many organizations are convinced that the implementation of BPR could bring significant and measurable benefits (Vergidis et al 2008). In fact, the risky nature of BPR has motivated a detailed investigation of its critical success and failure factors (Abdolvand et al 2008) and many researchers (Ariyachandra Frolick 2008; Bandara, Gable, Rosemann 2005) have tried to identify BPR factors. Business P rocess Reengineering (BPR) Factors Business Process Reengineering is being used as a vehicle for re-aligning strategy, operations, and systems to deliver significantly increased financial results and customer satisfaction. It helps to find ways to do more with less, and provide a better product or service in a minimum amount of time, speed, quality, and cost. In one important way, though, reengineering differs from past incremental and analytic methods. BPR factors are the success factors that lead to successful outcomes for reengineering projects, if they are satisfactory, will ensure successful competitive performance for the organization. BPR factors are strongly related to the mission and strategic goals of business or project. Whereas the mission and goals focus on the aims and what is to be achieved, BPR factors focus on the most important factors and get to the very heart of both what is to be achieved and how you will achieve it. The BPR factors are those important fac tors for success. It was originally developed to align planning with the strategic direction of an organization. It is only when most important factors have been identified that practitioners would have a chance of organizational success. Various BPR factors were developed and validated by authors from studies in organizations operating in different industry such as manufacturing, education, and services. The BPR factor is aptly chosen to represent the factors which are important to achievement of desired outcome of organization performance. BPR factors are of importance that these key areas of activity should receive constant and careful attention from management. BPR factor certainly differ from industry, environment as the companyÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s position within industry changes. It is important to understand what factors would be important for BPR in both for understanding the implementation of business process reengineering and organizational performance improvement. Ther efore, based on an extensive literature review and previous studies of BPR factors in banking process reengineering have been selected based on the scope of study and fit to the banking industry and environment of the proposed study Nigerian banks (Al-Mashari Zairi, 1999; Ahmad et al, 2007; Salimifard, et al. 2010). BPR factors are the independent variable which includes: 1) Change Management; 2) Management Commitment; 3) Less bureaucratic and flattered organizational structure; 4) Project Management; 5) Customer Focus; 6) Effective process redesign; 7) Adequate financial resources; 8) Information technology (I.T) infrastructure. These eight BPR factors are essential elements to the successful transformation process. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY The concept of I.T capability was introduced by Ross, Beath Goodhue (1996), defined I.T capability as the firmÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s ability to assemble, integrate and deploy I.T based resources. Heijden (2000) pointed out that the measurement of I.T capability covers relationships in I.T department with the rest for the business. Bharadwaj (2000), broaden the explanation of accepted views of organisational I.T capabilities to an organisationÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s information technology function. Bharadwaj, (2000) defined I.T capability as the ability of firm to mobilise and deploy I.T based resources in combination with other resources and capabilities. Those I.T-based resources are I.T enabled resources (consist of technical and managerial I.T skills); intangible I.T- enabled resources (such as knowledge, assets, customer orientation and synergy- the sharing of resources and capabilities across organisational division. Therefore capabilities reflect the ability of the firms to combine resources to promote superior performance (Amit Schoemaker, 1993). Tippins Sohi (2003) define IT capabilities as the extent to which an organization is equipped with I.T infrastructure, IT skills knowledge and experience as wel l as effective I.T operations utilization. A high level of IT experience enables the smooth implementation of the organizationÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s strategy, develops reliable and cost effective systems for the organization, and anticipates customer needs (Bhatt Grover, 2005). Clark (1997) noted that IT experience in combination with other I.T elements directly determines an organizationÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s ability to rapidly develop and deploy more innovative techniques to enhance performance. The role of IT capabilities in enhancing organizational performance is well established in the literature. Various I.T studies suggests I.T capabilities provide a basis of gaining competitive advantage and enhancing organizational performance (e.g. Santhanam Hartono, 2003; Bhatt Grover, 2005) An extensive body of IT capabilities literature agrees that I.T capabilities are resource to facilitate an effective collection and utilization of information (e.g. Bharadwaj, 2000). Floyd et al (1990 ) contend that I.T capabilities enhance service reliability, reduce transaction errors and increase consistency in performance. Further contentions are that capabilities can contribute to enhancing service quality through better customized or individualized services, and in creating knowledge links for identifying and sharing organizational expertise (Quinn et al., 1994). Tippins Sohi (2003) argued that I.T capabilities which is also known as I.T competency enhance performance through an elimination of inefficiency, reduction of long term cost, improve service reliability and reduced transaction errors. While Bharadwaj (2000); Ross, Beath Goodhue (1996); Li, Chen Huang (2006) studies focuses on the importance of IT capability as well as relationship between I.T spending (IT investment) and productivity/performance with moderating effect of IT capability. In this study, the term IT capability is adapted from the study conducted by Tippins and Sohi (2003). The study used I.T knowledge, I.T infrastructure and I.T operations among the dimensions of measuring IT capability. The BPR factors encompass both tangible and intangible elements of resources. Therefore, this study would use I.T knowledge and I.T operation as the main components of measuring I.T capability. The third component i.e. I.T infrastructure would be part of BPR factors as intangible resource. These dimensions demonstrate co-specialized resources that firms cannot utilize the information technology architecture effectively without sufficient knowledge and operations. Therefore I.T capability can provide the ability to understand the existing operations. It is also one of the most considered in bring changes into the business process. Michael Hammer recommends companies to redefine their process first and then automate. I.T can play critical roles in the development of BPR efforts as follows: a. I.T makes it possible to use new ideas and higher standard technology in order to develop a strategic vision and help to make the business process better before it is designed. b. The communication technology through I.T capabilities helps in breaking down geographical and organizational barriers that makes the acceptance of process change and useful understanding of companyÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s strength, weakness opportunities and threat. IT also helps to track information. c. For a firm to manage a process can be adapted from other companies practice outside its industry. The company should combine its team members experience to set a standard that other companies can be compared with. d. I.T staff needs to broaden their knowledge in non technical areas to achieve effective team work in an organisation. e. In order to have a flexible organisational design the firms existing difficult structures must be changed so as to ensure the operation of BPR cross functional teams against departmental activities. f. To gain market share and achieve competitive advantag e, the agreement between companies and collaboration between suppliers and distributors takes place at the initial stage of BPR before process design. The Contradictory role of Information Technology as an enabler in Business process reengineering (BPR) One of the most straightforward assertions about BPR is that information technology is a key enabler of process redesign. It is information technology that permits companies to re-engineer business processes; a company that cannot change the way it thinks about information technology cannot re-engineer (Hammer Champy, 1993). Most other BPR proponents also adopt an essentially technical model of organizational change in which information technology basically drives the re-engineering effort (Grey Mitev, 1995; Jones, 1994). These arguments acknowledge the technological determinism inherent to BPR; technology determines not only work structure, but also organizational structure, culture, management styles, and beliefs (Grey Mit ev, 1995). Thus, out of fashioned organizational designs can be changed through the use of advanced, enabling technologies that support new business processes that respond to changing market needs. However reasonable and straightforward, this argument seems, it has also become the source of controversy. Rather than being a simple enabler of new organizational processes, information technology inconsistently can also disable an organizationÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s ability to change. When an organization revises its basic business processes using information technology, it introduces a new structure that may become even more difficult to change in the future. Since the technical backbone of automated processes exists as software routines, a later change in process will require a reconstruction of the software application and its various links to other systems. While all changes require reprogramming of some sort, either to human or machine components, software programs are often virtual ly inaccessible to the persons nearest to the application. Given the inevitability of business change, hard-wired business processes that are built today may seriously constrain later efforts to redesign them. BPR may have already produced the organizational structures and processes that will be considered old-fashion tomorrow, and those processes may be more difficult to change because todayÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s software conventions will probably also be considered out-fashion tomorrow. Lucas Olson (1994) provide a clear analysis of this in-consistency in their examination of information technologyÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s effects on organizational flexibility. They argue that technology provides the capability for more flexible organizational structures by allowing greater variety in the time and place of work while increasing the speed of response. However, they note that information technology also constrains flexibility by embedding routines into software programs that are not easy to change. Resolving the contradiction of information technology as an enabler or not in BPR is not easy. Gill (1995) argued that managers should not over program their organizations in search of dramatic productivity gains but to ensure greater flexibility. Lucas (1996) recommends a commitment to continuous investment in new technologies, thereby keeping any programmed routines from becoming hardened in the organization The measurement of the I.T capability in this study is based on: IT knowledge (skills) and IT operations (Tippins Sohi, 2003). I.T Knowledge dimension is related to a managerÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s experiences for performing IT management activities. Knowledge of an IT is essential. Since IT consists of complex technologies, its implementation is always associated with high risks and uncertainty (Umble et al. 2003). A number of IT implementation failures can be attributed to inappropriate IT planning and management (Bergeron et al. 2003). Hence, IT manager has a la rger role in controlling and managing the IT implementation process (Willcocks et al. 2000). If an IT manager is involved in a new project and possesses the corresponding IT management experiences, IT strategy can be in accordance with current business processes in order to realize the coordination between IT and business objective, thereby assisting the organization enhance business efficiency and firm performance with IT (Willcocks et al. 2000). The IT manager can supervise and control IT project costs, identify financial and human resources deviations, and adopt timely measures in order to avoid the potential risks incurred during the implementation process. This can foster the alignment of the newly developed IT and business processes (Soffer et al. 2005). Additionally, employees can be encouraged to rapidly adapt to the new IT, assimilate IT knowledge and apply it in their daily routines, which is beneficial for the improvement of organization performance (Shao et al. 2008). According to Knowledge based view (KBV) systems of knowing refers to structures of interaction among team members for sharing their perspectives, pooling of knowledge, and development of shared understanding. It is suggested that systems of knowing provides forums for top management team members that exchange their strategic IT and business knowledge, and blend them together to foster higher levels of IT diffusion within the organization. For managers, a frequent interaction between other top management team members enables them to achieve timely information with regards to organizational business, thus to plan and deployment IT to align with organizational business process, improve firm performance through the investments in IT. It is found that IT-related information could be disseminated more effectively between the manager and the top management (CEO) through richer channels of communications, and this greater interactions in different IT forums is proved to have favorable infl uence on firms IT success (Jarvenpaa Ives 1991) I.T Operations are the activities within the organization that are required to meet goals. These activities are underpinned by skills that encapsulate the knowledge within the firm. When IT operations are able to monitor and manage IT resources and services from a real-time business out-come perspective, it can align IT operations with business priorities. As a result, IT operations can streamline business processes and optimize resources to help manage costs, increase efficiency to manage productivity and increase revenue, and help ensure service availability to enhance customer satisfactionÃâà ¿Ãâà ½rather than simply focus on technology. IT operations can translate raw IT monitoring data into a useful business impact analysis. IT operations should be able to: 1)Understand the configuration, dependencies and relationships of the components that make up the business service; 2) Establish goals and objectives for service de livery documented in the service level agreement (SLAs); 3) Measure the effectiveness of its services (such as Web server availability and performance) and business ser-vices (such as payment processing response time); 4) Analyze and report on the actual services delivered for the IT group and the clients that use them; 5) Create usage and accounting reports that can be used for chargeback and billing Information Technology Service Capability Maturity Model According to Niessink, Clerc Vliet (2004) the IT Service capability maturity model consists of five (5) maturity levels, which contains key process areas. For an organization to reside on a certain maturity level, it needs to implement all of the key processes for that level and lower levels. The main focus is the maturity of the service organization, not the maturity of individual services, projects or organizational units. The model covers the service delivery process with primary objectives: 1. To enable IT service p roviders to assess their capabilities with respect to the delivery of IT services 2. To provide IT service providers with directions and steps and further improvement of their service delivery The IT Service CMM fulfils these above objectives by measuring the capability of the IT service processes of organizations on a five level ordinal scale. Each level prescribes certain key processes that have to be in place before an organization resides on that level. Key processes implement a set of related activities that, when performed collectively, achieve a set of goals considered important for enhancing service process capability. Hence, organizations can improve their service capability by implementing these key processes. More formally, we define IT service process capability as the range of expected results that can be achieved by following a service process. IT service process performance represents the actual results achieved by following an IT service process. IT service pro cess maturity is the extent to which a specific process is explicitly defined, managed, measured, controlled and effective. The IT Service CMM focuses on measuring and improving the IT service process maturity of IT service organizations. An organization that scores high IT Service CMM scale will be able to: * Deliver quality IT services, tailored to the need of its customers * Do so in a predictable, cost-effective way * Combine and integrate different services, possibly by different service providers, into a consistent service package * Continually and sustainably improve service quality in a customer-focused way In order to understand the ITS-CMM, it is necessary to see the definitions of the various levels and to understand the structured nature of these definitions. The five levels of the IT Service CMM are: initial level; repeatable level; defined level; managed level and optimizing level. For an organization to reside on a certain maturity level, it needs to im plement all key processes for that maturity level Ãâà ¿Ãâà ½ and those for lower levels. The term key process area merely means that these processes are seen as the key to reach a certain maturity level. There might be more Ãâà ¿Ãâà ½ non-key Ãâà ¿Ãâà ½ processes, but these are not strictly necessary to reach the next maturity level. The key process areas are grouped into three process categories: The first group is concerned with the management of services; the second category deals with enabling the delivery process by means of support processes and standardization of processes; the third category consists of the processes that result in the consistent, efficient delivery of services according to the appropriate quality levels. METHODOLOGY This study focus on descriptive and causal research (hypothesis testing), since the objective of the study is to examine the relationships between the BPR factors, I.T capability and organization performance. Descri ptive research would be undertaken in this study to identify the characteristic of the population such as respondent (commercial bank, microfinance bank and mortgage finance) variability and organization characteristics. Causal research or hypothesis testing and correlation approach would be conducted in the study to explain the relationship between the variables and the variance of the dependent variables. This study would use non experimental design, where the researcher does not have a control over the independent variables that determine their effect on the dependent variable. The research can only control the measurement of the study but do not interfere with the research settings. The research is only interested in gathering the information about the banks and financial institutions performance outcome of implementation of the BPR factors and specifically to examine the relationship of BPR factors, I.T capability and organizational performance within the banking and financial service settings. Therefore, non-experimental design or survey using quantitative method of administering questionnaire would be employed for this research. The study would use organization as the unit of analysis. The population of the study is 1,023 financial organizations (consists of 24 commercial banks, 901 microfinance bank and 98 primary mortgage finance). A total of one thousand and twenty three (1,023) banks and financial institutions are registered with Central bank of Nigeria (CBN). The list can be access through the CBN internet website: https://www.cenbank.org/supervision/finstitutions.asp. The survey would be conducted through self administered questionnaires. Although this method would be expensive compared to mail survey, nevertheless the researcher still favour this method due to its advantages. The biggest advantage is that the researcher can collect all completed responses within a short period of time. The second advantage is that researcher can explain on the spot the terms or part of the questions which the respondents could not understand. Thirdly, the researcher can motivate the respondents to take part in the survey and give their honest opinions (Sekaran, 2003). The survey method strategy would be to collect the data with regard to BPR factors, information technology (I.T) capability and managerÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s perception of the organizations performance. Babbie, (1990) highlighted the three (3) objectives linked with survey research: 1) Description; 2) Explanation; 3) Exploratory objectives. This studyÃâà ¿Ãâà ½s objectives are descriptive and explanatory. It involves identifying the characteristics and attribute of the respondent as well as making explanation through the examination of the relationships of the variables of the study. Descriptive statistics according to Babbie (1973) provide a way to streamline the large data to a manageable size that allows easy interpretation and understanding. Statistical package of social science (SPSS) software will be used for the regression model and measuring the causal relationships among the variables. CONCLUSION This paper is based on an ongoing doctoral research and the following hypotheses are propositioned based on the current review of literature. H: 1.The BPR factors related to organizational performance of Nigerian banks H: 2.The I.T capability (IT knowledge and IT operations) attributes related to organizational performance of Nigerian banks H: 3.The Information Technology (I.T) capability (IT knowledge and IT operations) indicators play the role of moderator in the relationship between BPR factors and organizational performance of banks in Nigeria.
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